Sustainability Accounting and Accountability Theory

Question: Examine about the Sustainability Accounting and Accountability Theory. Answer: Presentation: Bookkeeping Researchers had demonstrated extraordinary enthusiasm from where governmental issues influences bookkeeping standard-setting process (Pratt 2013). This implies easygoing perception of the standard-setting process recommending legislative issues and administrative exercises influences setting of bookkeeping measures. As it were, Researchers significantly creates just as test given monetary based hypotheses of standard setting for catching the political variables. The fundamental objective depends after blending experimental exploration chiefly in governmental issues of standard setting at FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board). This focuses on plainly understanding the legislative issues of standard setting for investigating on the advancement level quite far (Dillard and Vinnari 2016). Difficulties It has been seen that there is nobody model that focuses on completely catching the complex financial just as political nature of bookkeeping standard setting. This uncovers models gives vital system particularly to exact work (Deegan 2013). Scientists faces threat in over fitting the information by deciphering given experimental work for predictable supported model. There are different difficulties seen in connection with fitting the hypothesis just as experimental work. There is commonly acceptable arrangement of proof demonstrating the impact of legislative issues particularly on standard setting. It uncovers considering number of models both in US just as on global premise as legitimately influenced by given standard setting results (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). These models make it understood for the governmental issues as assuming significant job in standard setting. These difficulties help in giving bigger example as saw in IAS 39. Dangers There have been thoughtful conversations in regards to the proposed new bookkeeping rules for leases. This implies at the danger of over-rearrangements, it considers the current FASB or IASB proposition for promoting the rent exchanges including working leases portrayed to be decided sheet. It help impartial eyewitnesses for getting improvement bookkeeping as in the event of financial substance in numerous leases for indicated period for resource buy financed by obligation (Pratt 2013). A few endeavors have been attempted for taking out the elective bookkeeping medicines for given exchange class. For example, if an individual accepts administrators takes thought in regards to the bookkeeping decisions for flagging private data, it takes out with the capacity from revealing exchanges for lessening enlightening qualities. Issues Plan of standard setters considers as one of the critical determinant of bookkeeping norms for keeping an eye on the bookkeeping issues comprehensive of standard setters. At the end of the day, there are a portion of the questionable bookkeeping issues as tended to by FASB if there should arise an occurrence of oil and gas bookkeeping. For this situation, it was adequately included by FASB plan in understanding the full cost strategy bookkeeping rules (Dillard and Vinnari 2016). Consequently, one of the methodological issues uncovers confining the examples from bookkeeping firms anteroom from the remark letter process. For Instance, general methodology uncovers campaigning in two significant viewpoints, for example, incorporating remark letters in respondent with significant standard setting issues. There are different discoveries found from the elements overseeing political and administrative characteristics, for example, shared trait among the positions (Deegan 2013). There is no solid alliances in and among the constituents in lining up with differed process for increasing comprehension of considerable issues for hidden standard setting process. Reference List Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. what's more, O'Dwyer, B., 2014. Supportability bookkeeping and responsibility. Routledge. Deegan, C., 2013. Money related bookkeeping hypothesis. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dillard, J. what's more, Vinnari, E., 2016. A contextual analysis of study: Critical points of view on basic bookkeeping. Basic Perspectives on Accounting. Pratt, J., 2013. Money related bookkeeping in a monetary setting. Wiley Global Education.

Is Torture Ever Ok free essay sample

A great deal of times in these situations there are no different alternatives and tormenting somebody is the best way to get quick outcomes before it is past the point of no return. I am an utilitarian mastermind and I put stock in the best useful for the vast majority. In the event that a great deal of people groups lives are in question in a circumstance and can be spared in view of one hoodlums torment at that point tormenting is the best approach. I accept that torment can be ethically advocated in numerous outrageous conditions and by managing torment by law then it could profit our general public. My first contention will show how torment can be utilized to help stop a burglar who has numerous prisoners. Assume, the specialists captured one of the schemers of the burglar and they werent getting anything out of him. The burglar told the specialists that in the event that they didnt get him a plane out of the nation, at that point he would begin murdering prisoners. We will compose a custom article test on Is Torture Ever Ok? or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The specialists dont know where the burglar is or the prisoners. The burglar says they just have fifteen minutes to mastermind him a plane before he begins killing the prisoners. The specialists could torment the plotters and get the data they have to spare the prisoners and capture the burglar or they could allow the prisoners to bite the dust. This is the reason as I would like to think torment is ethically advocated in this circumstance. The primary contention I utilized shows a genuine case of how tormenting can spare individuals lives, capture a lawbreaker, and keep more individuals from passing on in the short and since a long time ago run. A partner from my last paper, Mirko Bagaric, concur with me. Bagaric is an educator of law at Deakin University and as indicated by him, torment is legitimate when utilized as a data gathering strategy to deflect incredible hazard (Bagaric, p. 264). In my model, it clearly concurs with Bagarics explanation. There are numerous factors that go into whether tormenting somebody in an extreme circumstance is reasonable. Bagaric composed a rundown of these factors: 1. the quantity of lives in danger; 2. the promptness of the mischief; 3. the accessibility of different intends to procure the data; 4. the degree of bad behavior of the operator; and 5. the probability that the specialist really processes the applicable data. I accept that if these were the five principles in a law that controlled torment so we could set a trade off with individuals who figure torment ought to never occur. The main motivation I think tormenting is alright in hurt based circumstances is on the grounds that it is our ethical obligation to spare different people groups lives. As I would like to think, some ethical obligations supersede others. The ethical obligation to spare a huge number of individuals supersedes the ethical obligation to regard someones physical body, who is holding data from you since they need each one of those individuals to kick the bucket. Everybody must concur that the most essential and significant human right is the privilege to life. In the event that you get an opportunity to spare a large number of lives and tormenting is your lone choice then the decision is self-evident. Tormenting must be alright in certain conditions, so as to spare lives. I am not saying that individuals should torment an individual to death since that disregards their entitlement to live. Be that as it may, if the torment just motivations some physical torment to one individual to spare numerous lives at that point torment ought to be ethically and legitimately passable. In Heinz site, at whatever point tormenting somebody there ought to consistently be a specialist there to ensure the individual being tormented isnt slaughtered. I don't think tormenting is in every case alright and it ought to consistently ought to be the last choice, yet when more awful comes to more awful sparing a large number of individuals merits tormenting an individual who approves of those individuals passing on. Individuals who contradict torment consistently are deontologists. Deontologists accept that general guidelines and qualities must be regarded paying little heed to the result. As indicated by them even a savage fear monger who needs to murder their loved ones ought not be hurt since it is unethical to dispense physical torment on somebody. They accept that you ought to never twist the principles regardless of whether it causes passing. Some of them accept that in the event that you permit tormenting that you will begin down a dangerous slant. For instance, this dangerous incline could pave the way to slaughtering a detainee to dodge a bomb going off and murdering thousands. Also, imagine a scenario where, you murdered the detainee and the person in question didnt surrender any data. The elusive incline of erring prompts additionally erring as indicated by deontologists. For them, torment advances savagery and sin. In spite of the fact that, I do concur with a portion of the parts from different sides contention it doesnt change the reality the torment is required in some malignant cases. I concur that you ought not cause someone else physical mischief, yet on the off chance that hurting this individual can spares lives I trust it is ethically alright. Individuals have a more noteworthy good commitment to safeguard our species and protect our family and nation. On the off chance that truly hurting one individual can assist us with doing this, at that point tormenting ought to be worthy. Rivals to torment likewise expressed that we will go down a tricky street to sin and executing individuals being tormented, however I oppose this idea. I accept that we are sufficiently levelheaded to have the option to torment somebody and keep them alive. When tormenting somebody I figure it would possibly be satisfactory if a specialist was available to ensure the individual be tormented didnt kick the bucket. Additionally, I accept we must be 100% positive the detainee has the data we need, in any case; tormenting them would not be right. I realize that tormenting isn't right much of the time yet in ought to be adequate in others. Bagaric states that A legitimate system ought to be set up to appropriately suit these circumstances, (Bagaric 274). If torment somehow happened to be directed rather than restricted, it would bring out more prominent great then it would hurt. Torment happens whether it is denied or not. On the off chance that we make the possibility of a torment warrant in any event we are expressing what we are doing as opposed to concealing it. The best way to get a torment warrant is meet the five factors Bagaric composed. Specialists being available when a detainee is being tormented likewise safeguards that their life is being looked out for cautiously. In this model it shows that torment can be directed to protect we dont tumble down a tricky incline and that it will help spare numerous individuals later on. My subsequent contention shows that guideline of torment is better than precluding it. As I would see it, conceding what you show improvement over lying about it. Torment is banned in Israel yet they have been censured everywhere throughout the world for tormenting individuals, (Dershowitz). They are being dishonest. The United States torments individuals subtly to discover indispensable data. Despite the fact that they attempt to be clandestine about it, they generally get captured. It would be better if everybody realized that torment does occur and needs to in some cases. I concur and wish that we never needed to do it, yet in some cases to spare lives you have. By managing torment, individuals won't be two-faced about it and there will be rules relating to the issue. A conspicuous issue with this contention is once more, the tricky incline. Individuals against torment accept in the event that you make the way for torment, regardless of whether you direct it, you will prompt increasingly more torment. They state regardless of whether you torment is required in outrageous circumstances that making it lawful will permit torment in less edgy circumstances. Once more, I can reply this protest of the elusive slant for managing torment. For one thing, torment is as of now utilized despite the fact that it is lawfully precluded. I think making directing torment will really diminish it. Individuals should get torment warrant and we should ensure those are difficult to get. Second, Bagaric and Clarke state, that there is no proof to propose that the legal infringement of basic human interests will essentially prompt an infringement of basic rights where the per-conditions for the action are unmistakably depicted and controlled. For instance, we utilize capital punishment in the U. S. , yet we despite everything esteem life and havent been executing individuals except if it was for an authentic explanation. Religions, for example, the Muslim-American religion state, It is skeptical, corrupt, and unethical(Rashid 1). They express their strict history is loaded with stories requesting that we censure misuse and torment. The Muslim-Americans state that, The Prophet Moses yielded his illustrious situation to stop a demonstration of torment (Rashid1). They express, the Prophet Muhammad disallowed the abuse of detainees. Torment irritates Muslim-Americans since it is shameless nature. They express that the torment of people at the command of the American government must be denounced. They state that, Simply in light of the fact that another nation permits torment doesn't mean we ought to support and use the ethical shortcoming of others (Rashid 1). They clarify that when we endorsed the Convention Against Torture President Ronald Reagan stated, â€Å"[We] plainly express United States restriction to torment, a loathsome practice lamentably still common on the planet today. † They additionally commend President Obama for sparkling light on these disgraceful practices. At long last they stated, We can't be hard of hearing to the voice of equity, however should build up it. Torment isn't simply (Rashid 2). The Muslim Religion has numerous admirable sentiments, however I differ that torment is never right and unethical. Some of the time awful things can be utilized for more noteworthy's benefit. My dad who was a veteran of the Air Force realizes that it is so imperative to get essential data out of adversaries. My dad accepts, as Bagaric, when numerous lives are in danger and the best way to spare somebody is torment them then you ought to do what is vital. My father has experienced torment preparing. My father expresses that, in the event that the opposite side is going to torment us, at that point we must have to gain proficiency with similar strategies. My dad said in the meeting, that torment ought to consistently be the last alternative, yet when things are turning for the most noticeably terrible then some of the time you simply need to do

3 Essay Anthologies That Arent About Writing

3 Essay Anthologies That Arent About Writing I love reading essays by writers I know and love (and writers Ive never heard of). Its fascinating to get to spend a few pages inside a writers own head, rather than with their characters, or to read the prose of a writer whom I primarily know through their poetry. I also love reading about writing itselfâ€"theres something comforting about seeing my own struggles and frustrations with the art reflected on the page, in the words of published authors. But though I love a good anthology of Writers on Writing, its the books with (hypothetical) titles like Writers on Baseball, Writers on Climate Change, or Writers on Their Favorite Childhood Games that really catch my eye. Writers, after all, are whole people, with varied lives and interests. When they offer up their thoughts and opinions on everything from nature to fashion to pop music to cookingâ€"in the form of beautiful and thought-provoking essays, I count it as a gift. Here are three incredible essay anthologies Ive enjoyed recently, in which a whopping total of 51 writers share their insight on three very different topics: race, rereading books, and not having kids. Selfish, Shallow Self-Absorbed: Sixteen Writers on the Decision Not to Have Kids, edited by Meghan Daum Essays (and nonfiction books of all kinds) about pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood are not hard to find. It is hard to find the opposite: books about people who have chosen not to have kids. Being childless by choice, especially for women, is still looked upon with concern, confusion, and sometimes outright hostility. In these brilliant, moving, funny, and thoughtful essays, sixteen writers delve right into that taboo. With honesty and heart, they discuss their reasons for choosing not to have children. What I love most about this collection is the wide diversity of experience these writers represent. Some of them agonized over the decision; some knew since childhood that they did not want to be parents. Some of the essays are deeply personal; others explore the cultural idea that motherhood=womanhood, and how this is damaging for everyone. As someone who has always felt ambivalent toward motherhood, the kinship and familiarity I felt reading these essays was a refreshing change. I could not put this book down. Rereadings: Seventeen Writers Revisit Books They Love, edited by Anne Fadiman I fell in love Ex Libris, Anne Faidmans ode to books, when I first read it in high school. Rereadings, in which an array of adult writers reread books they loved as children or teens, is just as lovely. The essays vary widelyâ€"some leaning more toward literary criticism and some toward more personal narrativeâ€"but all of them capture the profundity of the impact certain books can have on our lives. Whether discussing Pride and Prejudice or the lyrics on the back of Sgt. Pepper, these essays are all delightful, insightful, and moving in their own way. This is a book about reading, but more than that, its a book about how we change over the course of our lives, using books as lens to track and explore those changes. The Fire This Time: A New Generation Speaks About Race, edited by Jesmyn Ward With essays from such literary giants as Claudia Rankine and  Edwidge Danticat (among many others), this is a must-read anthology for everyone striving to understand Americas past and present. Conceived as a response to Baldwins classic 1963 The Fire Next Time, these moving and powerful essays explore race and racism through the varying perspectives and experiences of their authors. As a whole, the collection speaks both to the trauma caused by American racism and to the possibility of a more hopeful future. I found myself copying down copious passages as I was reading it; its one of those books that Ive come back to again and again. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Thegn - Anglo-Saxon Thegn or Thane

In Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn was a lord who held his land directly from the king in return for military service in time of war. Thegns could earn their titles and lands or inherit them. Initially, the thegn ranked below all other Anglo-Saxon nobility; however, with the proliferation of thegns came a subdivision of the class. There were kings thegns, who held certain privileges and answered only to the king, and inferior thegns that served other thegns or bishops. By a law of Ethelred II, the 12 senior thegns of any given hundred acted as a judicial committee that determined whether or not a suspect should be officially accused of a crime. This was evidently a very early precursor to the modern grand jury. The power of thegns declined after the Norman Conquest ​when lords of the new regime took control of most lands in England. The term ​thane persisted in Scotland until the 1400s in reference to a hereditary tenant of the crown who did not serve in the military. Alternate Spellings: thane Example: King Ethylgrihn called on his thegns to help defend against a Viking invasion.

Chemical Structures Starting with the Letter X

Vitruvian Man Lab Report - 1868 Words

Research Question: Do we have the ideal proportion? The length of the outspread arms is equal to the height of a man The distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand is a quarter of the height of the man The maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of the height of a man Data Collection: Raw Data: Table #1: Measure of the Outspread Arm, Height, from Elbow to the Tip of the Fingers, and Width of Shoulders (cm) (per person) Name Outspread arm /cm +/-1 Height /cm +/- 1 From the elbow to the tip of the fingers /cm +/- 1 Width of shoulders /cm +/-1 Silvana Chumaceiro 170 163 43 43 Anna Marrone 165 163 41 42 Sabrina Casilla 158 156 37 54 Alberto Gonzalez 180 174 48 65 Yanuara Ramirez 164 164 41 42†¦show more content†¦The difference is about to 4 cm, which is an extremely small difference, since the maximum of her shoulders is about 39 cm and the  ¼ of her height is about 43 cm. Evaluation: Due to the fact that the Da Vinci’s Vitruvian man lab demonstrated failure on the past examinations, we can feel free to assume that many errors are shown in this experiment. The first error noticed is the fact that we measured everything with a small measuring tape instead of a big measuring tape, which didn’t help since we were taller and bigger than the measuring tape, so we had to use two measuring tapes added together. Using a small measuring tape to find out these measurements ended being extremely inaccurate. After data collection we were not really sure if the numbers we got were real, and it probably affected a lot on the way the results came out. The lab activity validity started to be questionable now. By the time we were looking for the four measurements needed just one group of people from the class was using a measuring tape, the rest of the class were using two small ones (so they could have the same length). The way it worked was to put one i n the top of the other and then add the numbers, which was hard for

Elisa and Antibody free essay sample

(1) Direct ELISAs involve attachment of the antigen to the solid phase, followed by an enzyme-labeled antibody. This type of assay generally makes measurement of crude samples difficult, since contaminating proteins compete for plastic binding sites. Indirect ELISA (2) Indirect ELISAs also involve attachment of the antigen to a solid phase, but in this case, the primary antibody is not labeled. An enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody, directed at the first antibody, is then added. This format is used most often to detect specific antibodies in sera. Competitive ELISA (3) The third type of ELISA is the Competition Assay, which involves the simultaneous addition of competing antibodies or proteins. The decrease in signal of samples where the second antibody or protein is added gives a highly specific result. Sandwich ELISA (4) The last type of assay is the sandwich ELISA. Sandwich ELISAs involve attachment of a capture antibody to a solid phase support. Samples containing known or unknown antigen are then added in a matrix or buffer that will minimize attachment to the solid phase. An enzyme-labeled antibody is then added for detection. The ELISA method is a benchmark for quantitation of pathological antigens and there are indeed many variations to this method. ELISAs are adaptable to high-throughput screening because results are rapid, consistent and relatively easy to analyze. The best results have been obtained with the sandwich format, utilizing highly purified, prematched capture and detector antibodies. The resulting signal provides data which is very sensitive and highly specific. Detailed information of specified ELISA types: Indirect ELISA, conventional but efficient Figure of Indirect ELISA Indirect ELISA is a two-step ELISA which involves two binding process of primary antibody and labeled secondary antibody. The primary antibody is incubated with the antigen followed by the incubation with the secondary antibody. However, this may lead to nonspecific signals because of cross-reaction that the secondary antibody may bring about. 1. Micro-well plates are incubated with antigens, washed up and blocked with BSA. 2. Samples with antibodies are added and washed. 3. Enzyme linked secondary antibody are added and washed. 4. A substrate is added, and enzymes on the antibody elicit a chromogenic or fluorescent signal. Â » Learn more about indirect ELISA protocol Indirect ELISA advantages : High sensitivity: More than one labeled antibody is bound per antigen molecule; Flexible: Different primary detection antibodies can be used with a single labeled secondary antibody; Cost-saving: Fewer labeled antibodies are required. In the indirect ELISA test, the sample antibody is sandwiched between the antigen coated on the plate and an enzyme-labeled, anti-species globulin conjugate. The addition of an enzyme substrate-chromogen reagent causes color to develop. This color is directly proportional to the amount of bound sample antibody. The more antibody present in the sample, the stronger the color development in the test wells. This format of indirect ELISA is suitable for determining total antibody level in samples (Newcastle disease virus, B. abortus, etc. ). Detailed information about indirect ELISA application in the determination of antibody titer and procedures of antibody concentration determination are discussed in the following section of ELISA applications. Direct ELISA, Simple and Time-Saving Initially in a direct ELISA test which is considered to be the simplest type of ELISA the antigen is adsorbed to a plastic plate, then an excess of another protein (normally bovine serum albumin) is added to block all the other binding sites. While an enzyme is linked to an antibody in a separate reaction, the enzyme-antibody complex is applied to adsorb to the antigen. After excess enzyme-antibody complex is washed off, enzyme-antibody bound to antigen is left. By adding in the enzymes substrate, the enzyme is detected illustrating the signal of the antigen. However, in terms of direct ELISA versus indirect ELISA, in an indirect ELISA, the steps are similar, but with important differences and an additional step. After the antigen is adsorbed to the plate (and after the BSA step), the next antibody to be added is the antibody that recognizes the antigen (this antibody does not have the enzyme attached to it). Then, an enzyme-antibody conjugate is prepared, which is added to the plate and detects the antibody that is adsorbed to the antigen (in a direct ELISA, the enzyme-antibody conjugate directly adsorbs to the antigen), then the substrate is added which detects the presence of the enzyme and thus the antigen. So, in the indirect ELISA, the enzyme-antibody conjugate uses an antibody against the type of antibody that is used to detect the antigen, kind of like a sandwich. For instance, if the antigen is HIV-1 gp120, then an anti-HIV antibody (HIV-1 gp120 Antibody) is prepared (lets say from a mouse). Then, in a separate reaction, an enzyme is attached to an anti-mouse antibody. So, in order to detect the HIV in the assay, an anti-mouse antibody is used to detect the antibody attached to the antigen. Direct ELISA SchematicIndirect ELISA Schematic Direct ELISA SchemaIndirect ELISA Schema Direct ELISA, when compared to other forms of ELISA testing, is performed faster because only one antibody is being used and fewer steps are required. This can be used to test specific antibody-to-antigen reactions, and helps to eliminate cross-reactivity between other antibodies. Disadvantages of direct ELISA The primary antibody must be labeled individually, which can be time-consuming and inflexible when performing multiple experiments. Also, the signal is less amplified in direct ELISA, which means a lower sensitivity and could be viewed as a disadvantage to some. Direct ELISA protocol is shown elsewhere. Please click direct ELISA appllication in monoclonal antibody screening to get more information. Competitive ELISA: Basic Principles The central event of competitive ELISA is a competitive binding process executed by original antigen (sample antigen) and add-in antigen. The procedures of competitive ELISA are different in some respects compared with Indirect ELISA, Sandwich ELISA and Direct ELISA. A simplized procedure list is as follow: Primary antibody (unlabeled) is incubated with sample antigen. Antibody-antigen complexes are then added to 96-well plates which are pre-coated with the same antigen. Unbound antibody is removed by washing the plate. (The more antigen in the sample, the less antibody will be able to bind to the antigen in the well, hence competition. ) The secondary antibody that is specific to the primary antibody and conjugated with an enzyme is added. A substrate is added, and remaining enzymes elicit a chromogenic or fluorescent signal. For competitive ELISA, the higher the sample antigen concentration, the weaker the eventual signal. The major advantage of a competitive ELISA is the ability to use crude or impure samples and still selectively bind any antigen that may be present. (Note that some competitive ELISA kits include enzyme-linked antigen rather than enzyme-linked antibody. The labeled antigen competes for primary antibody binding sites with your sample antigen (unlabeled). The more antigen in the sample the less labeled antigen is retained in the well and the weaker the signal). It is common that the antigen is not first positioned in the well. Competitive ELISA advantages: High specificity, since two antibodies are used the antigen/analyte is specifically captured and detected Suitable for complex samples, since the antigen does not require purification prior to measurement Flexibility and sensitivity, since both direct and indirect detection methods can be used Sandwich ELISA, Highly Sensitive Sandwich ELISA is a less common variant of ELISA, but is highly efficient in sample antigen detection. Moreover, many commercial ELISA pair sets are built on this sanwich ELISA. The sandwich ELISA quantify antigens between two layers of antibodies (i. e. capture and detection antibody). The antigen to be measured must contain at least two antigenic epitope capable of binding to antibody, since at least two antibodies act in the sandwich. Either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies can be used as the capture and detection antibodies in Sandwich ELISA systems. Monoclonal antibodies recognize a single epitope that allows fine detection and quantification of small differences in antigen. A polyclonal is often used as the capture antibody to pull down as much of the antigen as possible. The advantage of Sandwich ELISA is that the sample does not have to be purified before analysis, and the assay can be very sensitive (up to 2 to 5 times more sensitive than direct or indirect ELISA), but lower than ELISpot. Sandwich ELISA procedures can be difficult to optimize and tested match pair antibodies should be used. This ensures the antibodies are detecting different epitopes on the target protein so they do not interfere with the other antibody binding. The steps are as follows: Prepare a surface to which a known quantity of capture antibody is bound. Block any nonspecific binding sites on the surface. Apply the antigen-containing sample to the plate. Wash the plate, so that unbound antigen is removed. A specific antibody is added, and binds to antigen (hence the sandwich: the Ag is stuck between two antibodies); Apply enzyme-linked secondary antibodies as detection antibodies that also bind specifically to the antibodys Fc region (non-specific). Wash the plate, so that the unbound antibody-enzyme conjugates are removed. Apply a chemical that is converted by the enzyme into a color or fluorescent or electrochemical signal. Measure the absorbency or fluorescence or electrochemical signal (e. g. , current) of the plate wells to determine the presence and quantity of antigen. The image at the bottom includes the use of a secondary antibody conjugated to an enzyme, though, in the technical sense, this is not necessary if the primary antibody is conjugated to an enzyme. However, use of a secondary-antibody conjugate avoids the expensive process of creating enzyme-linked antibodies for every antigen one might want to detect. By using an enzyme-linked antibody that binds the Fc region of other antibodies, this same enzyme-linked antibody can be used in a variety of situations. Without the first layer of capture antibody, any proteins in the sample (including serum proteins) may competitively adsorb to the plate surface, lowering the quantity of antigen immobilized. Use of the purified specific antibody to attach the antigen to the plastic eliminates a need to purify the antigen from complicated mixtures before the measurement, simplifying the assay, and increasing the specificity and the sensitivity of the assay. Sandwich ELISA Sandwich ELISA Schematic Procedure: (1) Plate is coated with a capture antibody; (2) sample is added, and any antigen present binds to capture antibody; (3) detecting antibody is added, and binds to antigen; (4) enzyme-linked secondary antibody is added, and binds to detecting antibody; (5) substrate is added, and is converted by enzyme to detectable form. Sandwich ELISA advantages: High specificity, since two antibodies are used the antigen/analyte is specifically captured and detected Suitable for complex samples, since the antigen does not require purification prior to measurement Flexibility and sensitivity, since both direct and indirect detection methods can be used Sandwich ELISA Protocol is shown in a different section. Sandwich ELISA is a common tool to diagnose Influenza, e. g. H5N1 (Avian Flu) Hemagglutinin ELISA kit. In addition, a description of the application of sandwich ELISA to home pregnancy test can be found here.

English 106 4 December 1996 Hamlet Analyzed In Terms Of Aristotles Poe

English 106 4 December 1996 Hamlet Analyzed in Terms of Aristotle's Poetics Aristotle's Poetics is considered the guide to a well written tragedy; his methods have been used for centuries. In Aristotle's opinion, plot is the most important aspect of the tragedy, all other parts such as character, diction, and thought stem from the plot. Aristotle defines a tragedy as an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions?(p. 22). Shakespeare's Hamlet follows this definition for the most part, and even though it is not always in agreement with Aristotle's guidelines, it is still a great and effective tragedy. Aristotle states that tragedy is ?an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude?(p. 22) . Hamlet is an excellent example of this. The play centers around Hamlet's quest to avenge his father's death, this is a serious action. It is also complete in the sense that all the loose ends are tied together in a sensible, believable manner. Hamlet is able to avenge his father's death by killing his uncle. Shakespeare also follows Aristotle's idea of the tragedy being of a certain magnitude. The characters are supposed to be the most perfect people whom the audience can still relate to. Hamlet is a wealthy prince, however he deals with the same problems as the common man. He is confused, paranoid, and angered about the circumstances surrounding his father's death. He is also unsure of himself and how he should handle the situation. The audience can relate to this uncertain feeling and they are able to empathize with Hamlet. Aristotle believes that in order for a tragedy to be effective, it must convey pity and fear. He defines pity as a felling that is aroused by ?unmerited misf ortune? (p. 27). Hamlet undoubtedly suffers this unmerited misfortune. He has done nothing to bring about his father's death. To make the situation even more painful, his mother has married his uncle whom he suspects is responsible for the tragedy. These circumstances illicit pity from the audience. The fear of impending evil is also prevalent in the play. As the plot progresses, it becomes clear that the king is plotting to kill Hamlet and Hamlet is planning to kill the king. Hamlet's plot is what Aristotle considers complex. It is accompanied by Recognition, which is ?a change from ignorance to knowledge, producing love or hate between the persons destined by the poet for good or bad fortune?(p. 26). The Recognition occurs when the play within the play is staged for the king. The play is a reenactment of what Hamlet believes happened to his father. His uncle is so upset and flustered by the play that he runs from the room. This action indicates to Hamlet that his suspicions were correct and his uncle is indeed responsible for King Hamlet's death. Hamlet later finds the king in a church praying and is tempted to kill him there, but decides against it because he will go to heaven since he is praying. From this, the audience is able to infer that Hamlet will attempt to kill his uncle later in the play. Aristotle stresses that diction is important to make the tragedy believable. Shakespeare utilizes diction perfectly and everything his characters say is appropriate for them to be saying. For instance, the king speaks like a king, he always dodges like a true politician. There is an obvious and necessary difference between the way he speaks and the way the gravediggers speak. The gravediggers are common men and therefor, speak as thought they are common men. There are some aspects of Poetics that Shakespeare does not follow. For instance, Aristotle states that in a great tragedy, there should be unity of time, place, and action. By this he means the action of th e play should take place in the amount of time it takes to perform it, it should occur in one setting, and there should be one

Quotes from Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka

Quotes from Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Metamorphosis is a famous novella by Franz Kafka. The work centers around a traveling salesman, Gregor Samsa who wakes up one morning to realize hes turned into a bug. The absurdist story was considered to be part of the Dada art movement. Metamorphosis Quotes When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin. He was lying on his back as hard as armor plate, and when he lifted his head a little, he saw his vaulted brown belly, sectioned by arch-shaped ribs, to whose dome the cover, about to slide off completely, could barely cling. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, were waving helplessly before his eyes.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 1 Why was only Gregor condemned to work for a firm where at the slightest omission they immediately suspected the worst? Were all employees louts without exception, wasnt there a single loyal, dedicated worker among them who, when he had not fully utilized a few hours of the morning for the firm, was driven half-mad by pangs of conscience and was actually unable to get out of bed? - The Metamorphosis, Ch. 1 And now he could see him, standing closest to the door, his hand pressed over his open mouth, slowly backing away as if repulsed by an invisible, unrelenting force. His mother - in spite of the managers presence she stood with her hair still unbraided from the night, sticking out in all directions - first looked at his father with her hands clasped, then took two steps towards Gregor, and sank down in the midst of her skirt spreading out around her, her face completely hidden on her breast. With a hostile expression, his father clenched his fist, as if to drive Gregor back into his room, then looked uncertainly around the living room, shielded his eyes with his hands, and sobbed with heaves of his powerful chest. - The Metamorphosis, Ch. 1 Those had been wonderful times, and they had never returned, at least not with the same glory, although later on Gregor earned enough money to meet the expenses of the entire family and actually did so. They had just gotten used to it, the family as well as Gregor, the money was received with thanks and given with pleasure. - The Metamorphosis, Ch. 2 Hardly she entered the room than she would run straight to the window without taking time to close the door - though she was usually so careful to spare everyone the sight of Gregors room - then tear open the casements with eager hands, almost as if she were suffocating, and remain for a little while at the window even in the coldest weather, breathing deeply. With this racing and crashing, she frightened Gregor twice a day; the whole time he cowered under the couch, and yet he knew very well that she would certainly have spared him this if only she had found it possible to stand being in a room with him with the window closed.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 2 Into a room in which Gregor ruled the bare walls all alone, no human being beside Grete was ever likely to set foot.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 2 Gregors serious wound, from which he suffered for over a month - the apple remained imbedded in his flesh as a visible souvenir since no one dared to remove it - seemed to have reminded even his father that Gregor was a member of the family, in spite of his present pathetic and repulsive shape, who could not be treated as an enemy; that on the contrary, it was the commandment of family duty to swallow their disgust and endure him, endure him and nothing more.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 3 What the world demands of poor people they did to the utmost of their ability; his father brought breakfast for the minor officials at the bank, his mother sacrificed herself to the underwear of strangers, his sister ran back and forth behind the counter at the request of the customers; but for anything more than this they did not have the strength.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 3 I wont pronounce the name of my brother in front of this monster, and so all I say is: we have to try and get rid of it. Weve done everything humanly possible to take care of it and to put up with it; I dont think anyone can blame us in the least.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 3, pg. 51 Growing quieter and communicating almost unconsciously through glances, they thought that it would soon be time, too, to find her a good husband. And it was like a confirmation of their new dreams and good intentions when at the end of the ride their daughter got up first and stretched her young body.- The Metamorphosis, Ch. 3

A response paper, make the topic creative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A response paper, make the topic creative - Essay Example Her challenge, however, is to do so without seeming to minimize the horror of what happened at Tuskegee. One of the most important aspects of her research is the focus on actually interviewing and interacting, to the degree possible, with people involved with the experiments. She does this to reduce the melodrama involved with the reporting and understanding of these events. In a lecture at Loyola University, she powerfully explains the why this is important. Melodrama, she says, is a story in which the characters â€Å"aren’t important† – they are an afterthought used to â€Å"fill in the gaps,† while in a drama, the characters are central (Reverby Lecture 2012). Historians, she says, should write drama. The problem with melodrama is that it reduces everyone involved to set pieces. In a historical context, this obstructs retellings of the true history, but possibly more importantly, it makes the melodramatic experience seem exceptional, and obfuscates its connection to societal constructs of oppression. She rejects the idea that melodrama is all that could be had of an experience such as this. She powerfully states her aim in the opening of her work, Examining Tuskegee, where she asserts that â€Å"there are truths here [in Tuskegee] – facts that fit the evidence better than do others† (Reverby 9). One such fact, for instance, patients eventually did get treatments – just not enough of them. It turned from a story of non-treatment to â€Å"under treatment† (Reverby 117). Why is this important? Under-treatment of othered people, she argues, is incredibly normative. It happens all the time. Thus, by treating the Tuskegee experiments as some sort of horrific monstrosity, the commonality of aspects of what happened there are lost, so the focus is on the exceptional horrific problem than the very common, barely less horrific one. Furthermore,

Development and classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Development and classification - Essay Example Frist and foremost, the first factor that has served to shape the financial reporting of Italy is the availability of the capital to invest. On the same note, it is evident that the financial organization have drastically improved, in other words expands as compared to the earlier years. In addition, to that, the adoptions of the new ideas which have served to promote the business activities in the country have also served to boost the financial reporting. Apparently, this has served to improve the financial status of the country through the generation of income which has contributed to the shaping of the report. Moreover, the existence of good competent leaders has also played a huge role in the financial reporting in Italy. Essentially, these leaders were characterized by the type of policies that they championed which were mandated with the task of boosting the financial activity and consequently increase the revenue. In conclusion, it is evident that there are numerous factors that have contributed to the shaping and the growth of the financial report. To this end it is critical to study this factor in a bid to understand the financial and the business organization of

Paradigm of Cold Chain Management Systems

Paradigm of Cold Chain Management Systems The New Paradigm Of Cold Chain Management Systems And It’s Logistics On Tuna Fishery Sector In Indonesia Grasiano Warakano Lailossa Abstract. The Cold chain management is an important element in ensuring standards of quality and safety of fishery products. Trend Quality standard requirements quality ,safety and traceability of fishery products are getting higher and the global effect, this causes to the need for a new paradigm of the cold chain management application as appropriate the trend. The results of the review previous studys show, the application of cold chain management are still partial and not yet fully integrated in the whole process (Post harvest handling, processing and packaging, cold storage and distribution, refrigerated transportation, marketing of fishery products). This paper provides a new paradigm offers cold chain management by systems integration approach. The output of this integration model will be expected to improve the competitiveness exports of Indonesian fishery products(Tuna`s) Key Words: Cold chain management,Indonesian Fishery Poduct,Tuna Introduction. Cold chain system application is one way to preserve quality standard and safety of food products. Cold chain system or usually named with cold chain management is one of cold chain system which designed to guarantee whole process, starting from capture process/harvest, cultivation until product distribution less until it consumed, it will be continuously intact and according to desired functional standard. there are three basic standard: Quality, Safety and Traceability. One of the most significant constraints is the high level of post harvest losses. Post harvest losses as a result of a poor cold chain implementation in the industry are cited fifteen to twenty percent from the primary producer to retail outlet. See Figure 1 Figure 1 : Cold Chain Management (source: : http://www.iaph.uni-bonn.de/Coldchain/) Cold chain Specifically, a supply chain or logistics network is the system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources,raw materials, and components into finished products that are delivered to the end user. In sophisticated supply chain systems,used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable A cold chain is a temperature-controlled supply chain; it is a concept resulting from specific needs related to the transformation and distribution of temperature-sensitive products(] J.P. Emond,2008) To manage the cold chain effectively we need to beware of what the drivers for change are along the food supply chain and be able to adapt to them(W Paul Davies,2003), Professor Davies lists the drivers of change as: Consumer Tastes and behaviour Competition and production efficiency Advances in technology Institutional pressures and regulatory requirements Environmental considerations International and globalisation influences Political influences We see this occurring globally as food supply chains compete aggressively with each other and buyers source products whenever and wherever it gives them advantage. Indonesian Fishery Sector. Indonesia is the biggest tuna-producing country in the world, contributing 15 percent of global tuna production in 2009, followed by the Philippines, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Spain. The main commercially caught tuna species in Indonesia are skipjack (62% of total tuna landings), yellowfin (29%),bigeye (7%), albacore (1%), and Southern bluefin (1%). The fishing grounds for Indonesian tuna fall under two convention areas, Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). The Western Central Pacific Ocean currently supports the largest industrial tuna fishery in Indonesia, contributing almost 80 percent of total Indonesian commercial tuna production, while Eastern Indian Ocean contributes 20 percent (FAO 2010). Tuna products are the second biggest Indonesian fishery product export, after shrimp, contributing 14 percent of total export value, about USD 352 million, in 2009. The main markets for tuna exported from Indonesia are Japan (35%), the United States (20%), Thailand (12%), European Union countries (9%),and Saudi Arabia (6%) (MMAF 2010). Indonesia is also one of the major suppliers to markets in the United States and Japan. As the biggest fresh and frozen tuna supplier to the US, Indonesia contributes about 27 percent (or about 13 thousand tonnes) of the total US fresh and frozen tuna import in 2010, valued at USD 112 million (NMFS 2011). According to data from MMAF and JICA (2009), yellowfin tuna catches has showed downward trend, in 2000, total catch of yellowfin tuna reached 163,241 tonnes, but since then it tend to decrease and dropped to 94,406 tonnes in 2006, though in 2007 it started to recover again with 103,655 tonnes catch. Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean, Western Timor Sea, Bali Strait and Sawu Sea) used to be the main catching areas for yellowfin tuna. Almost 54% of total yellowfin tuna in Indonesia was caught from this area. In the eastern part, Sulawesi Sea and Pacific Ocean was the important catching areas for yellowfin tuna, covering 33.7% of total yellowfin tuna landings,followed by Flores and Makassar Strait (18.2%) and Moluccas Sea, Tomini Bay, and Seram Sea (12.4%) ,see Figure 2 Figure. 2. Yellowfin Tuna Landing Distributin per Fishery Management Areas (WPP) in 2004 (source: Indonesian Tuna Supply Chain Analysis, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership,2010) In general, Maluku-Papua contributes the biggest landings of albacore, bigeye tuna, and yellowfin tuna,with 26 percent of total Indonesian tuna landings, followed by North Sulawesi (24%), Bali-Nusa Tenggara (16%), South Sulawesi (12%), North Java (10%), and West Sumatra (8%) (Note: for Bali-Nusa Tenggara, North Java, and West Sumatra, the landings also include Southern bluefin tuna). Since tuna resources are abundant and scattered around Indonesian waters, fishing grounds and landing areas of tuna in Indonesia are dispersed. A significant volume of tuna is unloaded in Muara Baru (Jakarta) and Benoa (Bali); three other fishing ports that carry tuna are Bitung, Ambon, and Sorong, see Figure 3. Figure 3. Major Ports of Tuna Fisheries in Indonesia (source: : Sustainable Indonesian Tuna Initiative,White paper, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership,2011) Indonesian Tuna Supply Chain. Supply chains for most of the fish species start from oceans and end up with consumer markets far from thousands of miles. Asupplychainis a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities andsuppliersthat participate in the production, delivery and sale of a product to the consumer (Harland, 1996), In the Indonesian tuna value chain, four main categories of operators can be distinguished: Fishermen Fish landing sites and ports Middlemen Processors/exporters , See Figure 4 Figure 4. Indonesian Tuna Supply Chain, (source : Indonesian Tuna Supply Chain Analysis, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership,2010) According LEI Wageningen UR (Arie Pieter van Duijn, Rik Beukers and Willem van der Pijl) in CBI Report The Indonesian seafood sector,2012, The bottlenecks for the Indonesian tuna industry occur at several stages of the value chain. Because pro-cessors and exporters mainly depend on the catches of the Indonesian tuna fleet, it is essential to opti-mise the potential of the fishing fleet. Better handling and storage of tuna can produce more high-quality tuna for export, benefitting processors and exporters too and preventing the need to further exploit tuna stocks. As there are many small landing sites, it is also crucial that tuna landed at these sites can be transported efficiently. Although several exporters of frozen and canned tuna are already EU certified, there is still potential to help small exporters meet EU requirements. Furthermore, there is a growing de-mand for sustainable and eco-labelled tuna in the EU market, which could have potential for Indonesian ex-porters. Also the lack of traceability throughout the entire value chain implies that support for fishermen, middlemen and processors/exporters is required.(CBI Report The Indonesian seafood sector, A value chain analysis, LEI Wageningen UR ,2012) Indonesia contributes about 4 percent of total global fresh and frozen tuna exports, exporting about 65.5thousand tonnes in 2007, valued at USD 150 million. Indonesia also contributes more than 4 percent of total global canned tuna exports, exporting about 52.4 thousands tonnes in 2007, valued at USD 151.9 million (Globefish, 2010). Indonesia was the leader of countries supplying tuna to Japan (mainly yellowfin and bigeye), sending about 20 thousand tonnes per year to Japan’s market. Indonesia only contributes about 2 percent (9,800 tonnes in 2008) of total canned tuna imported to the EU market. Exports of frozen Yellow fin tuna (in various product types) from Indonesia have increased in the last five years. In 2006 USD 13m was exported, while in 2010 the export value has more than doubled to USD 31m. Most of the frozen Yellow fin tuna is exported to the US. However, MMAF export statistics show that for the total export of frozen tuna (Yellow fin tuna as well as other species), export values were significant-ly higher. In 2010 the export value of frozen tuna to Japan was USD 22m, while exports to the US amounted to USD 18m. Other species that are exported as tuna will most likely concern Bigeye tuna. Methods. This paper based on paper review and some flelds study, This paper is a continuation of the first paper that presented at an international seminar on december 2nd APTECS 2010 Result And Discussion Integrity Cold Chain Systems. According to Jean-Paul Rodrigue,et all,2009, functionally, there are three elements that integrate within the cold chain system: Product. a product is characterized by physical attributes requiring specific temperature and humidity conditions. These conditions dictate its transport, which takes place in a manner that does not undermine its physical attributes to an extent that is judged acceptable. Otherwise, the product loses a share or the entirety of its commercial value. It mostly relates to how perishable and fragile a product can be; how it handles the cold chain process. Origin / Destination. a function of the respective locations where a temperature-sensitive product is produced and consumed. It is indicative of the potential difficulty of making a product available at a market, which for a long time was an important constraint. Because of advances in cold chain logistics, it became possible to use increasingly distant sourcing strategies spanning the world. Distribution. The methods and infrastructures available to transport a product in a temperature-controlled environment. It can involve temperature controlled containers (reefers), trucks and warehousing facilities.See Figure 5 Conditional demand. The demand of a product at a market (or place of consumption) is conditional to its qualitative attributes. Load integrity. Relates to the load conditions that must be provided to insure that a product keeps its value during transport and accounting its perishability. Transport integrity. The series of tasks and safeguards that must be performed to insure that the temperature controlled environment remains constant (Jean-Paul Rodrigue,et all,2009) Figure 5. cold chain system element`s (source: Jean Paul Rodrigue, Claude Comtois and Brian Slack,†The Geography of Transport Systems,† Second Edition,New York,2009) Bootlenecks for the export Indonesian Tuna Globalization makes no more will limit both in regional and international, but on the other hand the application of and determination standart food safety is tight.More stringent standart of food safety applied making no other choice for business community fisheries and the whole stack holder, to try to fulfill standart who need, if they want to keep survive,The cases of rejection of fishery on the destination country exports can be seen on a table 1 Table 1 Totality of the rejection cases on fishery product (source, Ababouch 2006) In CBI Report The Indonesian seafood sector,a value chain analysis, by LEI Wageningen UR (Arie Pieter van Duijn, Rik Beukers and Willem van der Pijl).2012, there was some weakness logistics system and value chain, especially of Tuna of fishery sector in Indonesia, four different categories of influencers and supporters can be distinguished: Government authorities (MMAF, Ministry of Trade) Research institutes (Agency for Marine and Fishery Research and Development, SFP) Producer and exporter associations (ATLI, ASTUIN, Indonesian fish cannery association, AP5I) Other supporters and influencers (LPMHP, Ice factories, WCPFC and IOTC) Six bottlenecks have been identified as a result of the desk study, the field work and the discussions at the strategic conference: Handling and cold storage of tuna after catching Traceability (EU-catch certificates/E-logbook) Eco-labelling Trade barriers of exporting tuna to the EU Lack of capacity for small/medium processors to do market intelligence Fluctuating tuna catches To more clearly can be seen from figure 6 below: Figure 6. The Indonesian tuna value chain and its bottleneck (source : Sustainable Indonesian Tuna Initiative, White paper, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership,2011) Risk Analysis and HACCP. The following factors which influential are Risk Analysis process (Risk Assessment, Risk Management and Risk Communication) and Hazard Analysis Critical Crisis Point (HACCP) is doing assessment and identification to against threat of potential danger that will arise to every cycle stage((Grasiano.W.Lailossa., 2010) The new paradigm changes in the application of Risk Analysis and HACCP should also be an important thing in the application of cold chain systems integration., on the other side of synergism and interaction between government and business must go well in the entire cycle from harvest until arriving at the consumer. Figure 7 bellow is the one form of interaction between the government and food company Figure 7. Interaction between the governments and industrys food safety activities ,modified from Jouve et al., 1998.(Source : H. H. Husset et al,† Assessment and Management of Seafood Safety and Quality,2003) Conclusion. Research on modeling of cold chain system, tend to make emphasis on cases which partial, means more focus on case model with every partial approach on four primary domain that already says above (standard and regulation, risk analysis modeling and cold chain management modeling/ refrigerated transport modeling), in other side, cold chain system is one cycle which systemic, so that optimization problem from cold chain system cannot be observed as partial from every domain, but it must be holistic and systematic (Grasiano.W.Lailossa., 2010) The study and review show that New Paradigm to Developed Cold Chain System,must be based on Change the paradigm that integrated and synergism of the whole stack holder who later applied continuously and consequent in the whole process starting from harvest to consumption The new paradigm of integrated cold chain systems is how to create : Integated model of cold chain systems that have the ability of refrigeration optimally during the process of transport of frozen fish from catching on the sea to arrive at destination exports country. Refrigeration system that has capabilities with the flexibility to continue to maintain the temperature of the products according to standards in charge, able to adapt to external variables that continue to influence will change sometimes even ekstirm due to the path or track that will be going through during the process of refrigerated transport. The Cold chain systems variabel should have the ability to affect of refrigeration during transport due to a temperature difference, optimization of variables that affected the refrigeration systems due to transport processes that can reduce cooling capabilities so it can not maintain the desired temperature References C. M. Harland, â€Å"Supply Chain Management, Purchasing and Supply Management, Logistics, Vertical Integration, MaterialsManagement and Supply Chain Dynamics†. In: Slack, N (ed.) Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Operations Management UK: Blackwell,1996 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), FishStat-Capture Production 2010, Fishery Statistics.2010 Grasiano.W.. Lailossa,â€Å"Cold Chain System (Future Research Prespective),† proceeding the 2nd.International Seminar On Applied Technology, Science, and Arts(APTECS), ITS, Indonesia,2010 H. H. Huss, L. Ababouch and L. Gram,† Assessment and Management of Seafood Safety and Quality,†, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 444,FAO,Rome,2003 Indonesian Tuna Supply Chain Analysis, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership,2010 Jean Paul Rodrigue, Claude Comtois and Brian Slack,†The Geography of Transport Systems,† Second Edition,New York,Routledge,2009 J.P. Emond, The cold chain, in: S.B. Miles, S.E. Sarma, J.R. Williams (Eds.),Chapter 11 of RFID Technology and Applications, Cambridge University Press,2008, pp. 1–2.) L. Ababouch, â€Å"Detension and Rejection of Fish and Seafood at Borders of Mayor Importng Countries,†Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy,2006 LEI Wageningen UR, (Arie Pieter van Duijn, Rik Beukers and Willem van der Pijl),†The Indonesian seafood sector A value chain analysis†, Compiled for CBI by Ministry of foreign affairs of Netherlands,CBI Report,2012 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF).. Indonesia Fishery Statistics, 2010 R. Schuurhuizen, â€Å"The domestic chain is still characterized by small-scale fishermen and it has been marginalized by the export supply chain† , 2006. R. Schuurhurizen, A. A. D Van Tilburg, and E. Kambewa, â€Å"Fish in Kenya: The Nile-Perch Chain† Wageningen University, Department of Social Sciences, Marketing and Consumer Sciences Group, Wageningen, The Netherland, 2006. Sustainable Indonesian Tuna Initiative, White paper, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership,2011 Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). 2009. Stock assessment of yellowfin tuna in the western and central Pacific Ocean. Scientific Committee Fifth Regular Session, PortVila,Vanuatu,Aug.10-21,2009.

Is There Anyone Out There? Essay -- Astronomy

Earth is small. Many people find it hard to believe, but when one thinks of earth in its context, amongst billions of galaxies, stars, planets, and an infinite universe, earth is a mere grain of sand on the beach that is space. With this in mind, one may, quite understandably, find it hard to believe that earth is the only planet that sustains life. With today’s advanced technology and science, extensive evidence has been found suggesting a great likelihood of life on other planets. The discovery of life on other planets has huge implications for humankind, as it would likely give a more thorough understanding of what human life is, how it came to be, and possibly even insight into why humans exist. Oftentimes, people ignore rhetoric regarding the possibility of life on other planets. This may be for religious reasons or because many people see it as more science fiction that scientific, but there is a substantial difference between Hollywood’s perception of aliens and what is likely to be the first extraterrestrial life discovered (Borenstein). In all reality, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and a few other basic elements are all it takes to create the miracle of life, and these chemicals could exist in countless places other than earth (Bryson 2). Some life may not even require that, like the microbe found in a lake in California, which was able to survive on arsenic and phosphorus alone (Borenstein). According to Borenstein, the â€Å"life† that scientists are looking for is more accurately described as a life form or microbial slime, much like the microbes that became humans via evolution. Approximately 140 billion galaxies inhabit the universe, with somewhere between one hundred billion and four hundred billion stars in Earth... ...rawstory.com/rs/2010/12/08/ evidence-mounting-daily-proven/> Bryson, Bill. A Short History of Nearly Everything. New York: Broadway Books, 2003. Print. Cohen, Daniel. The Ancient Visitors: Have Creatures from Other Planets Ever Lived On Earth? Garden City, NY: Double & Comp., Inc., 1976. Print. Kaufman, Marc. â€Å"Reaching for the Stars: It’s Alive Out There! Scientists Seek Out the Evidence.† McClathy-Tribute News Service. 17 June 2011: n.p. Web. 15 Mar 2012. Spotts, Pete. â€Å"In Search of Life, More Planet ‘Candidates’ Are Found. Are Any Just Right?† Christian Science Monitor. 12 Sep 2011:n.p. Web. 15 Mar 2012. "Story of the Universe." European Space Agency, 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2012.

FA Style Analysis Essay Bayer

That night at the hotel, in our room with the long empty hall outside and our shoes outside the door, a thick carpet on the floor of the room, outside the windows the rain falling and in the room light and pleasant and cheerful, then the light out and it exciting with smooth sheets and the bed comfortable, feeling that we had come home, feeling no longer alone, waking in the night to find the other one there, and not gone away; all other things were unreal.We slept when we were tired and if we woke the other one woke too so one was not alone. Often a man wishes to be alone and a girl wishes to be alone alone against the others. It has only happened to me like that once. I have been alone while I was with many girls and that is the way that you can too and if they love each other they are jealous of that in each other, but I can truly say we never felt that. We could feel alone when we were together, be most lonely.But we were never lonely and never afraid when we were together. I kno w that the night is not the same as the day: that all things are different, that the things of the night cannot be explained in the day, because hey do not then exist, and the night can be a dreadful time for lonely people once their loneliness has started. But with Catherine there was almost no difference in the night except that it was an even better time.If people bring so much courage to the world the world has to kill them to break them, so Of course it kills them. The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry.

Class and Gender in Wuthering Heights Essays - 704 Words

Conflict as a result of class and gender division is a common theme seen throughout Emily Bront#235;s novel Wuthering Heights. Social contrasts and gender boundaries create oppression and tension amongst the characters, affecting their composure and behaviour throughout the novel. The most obvious distinction between upper and lower classes is with the two settings; Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights. Both places differ significantly in both disposition and appearance. The society in Wuthering Heights is that of the working class. Wuthering Heights is a worn out farm that represents difficulty; ruthlessness, and hard work. Life at Wuthering Heights is more domestic yet spiteful revenge and personal struggles envelop the†¦show more content†¦Heathcliffs social position is solidified by the treatment he receives from almost everyone at Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff has little nobility as a child and even after he becomes a wealthy gentleman later in his life his past is still a label that follows him. Throughout the novel characters leave Wuthering Heights however something causes them to return. This is seen with Heathcliff when he moves away and returns with money, it is also seen with Catherines moving to Thrushcross Grange. No matter how hard these characters try to alter their past lives, there is a part of Wuthering Heights they cannot escape from. There are displays of revenge caused by the separations between social standings. Heathcliff shows that he is a vengeful person when he is resented by Hindley for taking Mr Earnshaws affection. Heathcliff confirms his social subordination by obeying Hindleys orders and becoming his servant after the death of Mr.Earnshaw. Heathcliff privately expresses his merciless side to Catherine by saying, Im trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back...I hope he will not die before I do (Bront#235; 153). In Wuthering Heights, a persons social standing is more important to their life than their own happiness is. This is shown through Catherine when she chooses to marry Edgar instead of Heathcliff, Edgar is from Thrushcross Grange; he has money, he has status himself and will thus enhance Catherines social standing.Show MoreRelatedFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1619 Words   |  7 PagesWuthering Heights: Feminism Feminism, or â€Å"The belief in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.† (Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell paragraph 1) was a very popular topic in Victorian fiction, and still is to this day with the first signs of feminist logic appearing in 3rd century BCE for the attempted appeal of women’s use of expensive goods, and continuing on to the present day third wave of feminism. Throughout history, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which willRead MoreEmily Bronte and D.H Lawrences Exploration of Social Class1288 Words   |  6 PagesSocial class plays a very significant part in my core text, ‘Wuthering Heights’ and also my partner text , ‘Sons and Lovers’ because it helps the reader determine a sense of character and plays a massive part in the reader finding the true depth of a character. Social class in both novels is determined by location and the origin of the characters, as in ‘Wuthering Heightsâ₠¬â„¢ we see that Heathcliff is considered as abnormal and known as having a lower social class because of the uncertainty of his originRead MoreThe Power of Women1242 Words   |  5 Pagesof power between the two sexes, male and female. In the two books Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte and in The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, the power and voice of the women become inferior to the one of the men. The women in both books are able to overpower the men with their own voice, women not only carry the will to do so but are prominent to be as equal as men and not be the bare bottom in the classification of genders. Many men may disagree with the fact that women are yet to be treatedRead MoreThe Importance Of Society And Class In Wuthering Heights1613 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Brontà « uses her novel Wuthering Heights to showcase how the constraints of one’s class, while only enforced by will, can take control over one’s autonomy and desires. Brontà « accomplis hes this in her depiction of the characters Catherine Earnshaw Linton and Heathcliff. Catherine begins the novel as a tomboyish girl, with no intentions of becoming a â€Å"lady† as defined by the society of her time. She only begins to want to conform to feminine roles when she is introduced to the expectations ofRead MoreFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1616 Words   |  7 Pagesof women’s use of expensive goods, and continuing on to the present day third wave of feminism. Throughout history, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which will never have equal rights nor opportunities that men receive for their gender, living their lives in â€Å"utter boredom and lack of fulfillment.† (Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell Prologue To a Social Movement) â€Å"Throughout most of Western history, women were confined to the domestic sphere, while public life was reserved for men.†Read MoreWuthering Heights A New Go thic875 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights A New Gothic Wuthering Heights is considered one of the greatest Gothic novels written by Emily Bronte, the only novel published under the name Ellis Bell. It is a tragic love story that presents the consuming passion between Heathcliff and Catherine. These two characters live under the pressures of social class and gender inequality. One of the classic features of Gothic literature is the supernatural. Bronte succeeds in combing the Gothic elements with romantic themes andRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism915 Words   |  4 Pages Psychoanalytical View of Wuthering Heights Mental illness was viewed as being a self-inflicted disease during the time period Wuthering Heights was written in (Bloomfield 298). Many of the characters suffer from a form of mental illness, but not all of them can be seen as self-inflicted. Most of the illnesses are inflicted by the death of other characters. After Hindley’s wife dies in his arms, he becomes an alcoholic and foreshadows his own death due to his destructive behavior (Bloomfield 291)Read MoreAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights 1398 Words   |  6 PagesWuthering Heights is a fictional novel written by Emily Bronte. This book is very sexist with the females frequently being immature, overly dramatic and childish. The betrayal in this book come when Heathcliff feels that Catherine betrayed herself by not pursuing his love. Hindle also showed jealousy towards heathcliff. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is the most famous woman character. She is stronger, more ambitious and ruthle ss than her husband. Lady Macbeth pushedRead MorePride and Prejudice by Jane Austin Vs. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte902 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice by Jane Austin, can be seen as a different role model when compared to Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte. Both novels have a similar background but with a different twist. Austin’s description of writing is seen to be related to a more realistic and satire approach, whereas Bronte’s style seems to be a bit gothic. Furthermore, both novels have a romantic presentation of two very unique genders that fall deeply in love with one another. Pride Prejudice starts off with Darcy beingRead MoreEssay on Early Criticisms Of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte2511 Words   |  11 PagesWuthering Heights was first published in 1847 with the author’s name given as Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights was actually written by Emily Bronte, but she adopted a male alias as female authors rarely got published. Her work was praised for the imagination used, but criticised for its moral ambiguity. Wuthering Heights challenged Victorian ideals and this shocked its first critics. The fact that Emily Bronte felt the need to use a male alias is an indication of how she feared the public would